fat: rework bootloader
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598a2c0fdf
commit
9288ad46a4
419
fat.asm
419
fat.asm
@ -1,241 +1,242 @@
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; Bootsector for FAT12 filesystems
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; Memory layout:
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%define segment 0x00100
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; 0000-03FF IVT
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; 0400-0500 Bios data area
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; 0501-0600 Stack for us
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; 0600-0800 This code
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org 0x0600
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; 0800-0A00 Buffer for disk
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buf: equ 0x0800
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%define self (0x7C00-(segment<<4)) ; 1 sector
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%define fattab (self+0x200) ; variable size
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%define rootdir 0x00100 ; variable size
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%define prog 0x0F000 ; 4K at the end for OS
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jmp near init
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org self
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jmp short init
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cluster_offset:
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dw 0
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; current cluster number
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cclus: dw 0
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; sector number in cluster
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csec: dw 0
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times (0x0B - ($-$$)) db 0
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fdc:
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.ss:
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dw 0x200 ; sector size
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.sc:
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db 2 ; sectors per cluster
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.rsc:
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dw 1 ; reserved sector count
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.fn:
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db 2 ; number of file allocation tables
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.rde:
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dw 0x70 ; number of root directory entries
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.ts:
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dw 720 ; total number of sectors
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.mi: ; medium identifier
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db 0xFD ; 5.25-inch Double sided, 40 tracks per side, 9 sectors per track (360 KB)
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.sf: ; sectors per fat
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dw 2
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.spt:
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dw 9 ; sectors per track
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.nos:
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dw 2 ; number of sides (heads)
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.po:
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dd 0 ; partition offset (in LBA blocks)
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.lrgts:
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fdc: ; sector size
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.ss: dw 0x200
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; sectors per cluster
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.sc: db 2
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; reserved sector count
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.rsc: dw 1
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.fn: ; number of file allocation tables
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db 2
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.rde: ; number of root directory entries
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dw 0x70
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.ts: ; total number of sectors
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dw 720
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.mid: db 0xFD
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.sf: dw 2
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.spt: dw 9
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.nos: dw 2
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.po: dd 0
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.lrgts: ; large sector count - relevant if .ts is 0
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dd 0
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.drv:
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db 0 ; drive number
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db 0
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db 0x29 ; efdc signature
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.vid:
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dd 0 ; volume id
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.vlabel:
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db "2B"
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times (54 - ($-$$)) db " "
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.fstype:
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db "FAT12"
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times (62 - ($-$$)) db " "
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; mformat keeps writing until here
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; if we place init earlier, code gets overwritten
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times (62 - ($-$$)) nop
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init:
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cli
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jmp segment:main
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main:
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; Stack grows down from 64k
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mov ax, cs
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mov ss, ax
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mov sp, prog
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init: xor ax, ax
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mov ds, ax
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mov es, ax
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mov ss, ax
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mov sp, 0x0600
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mov [fdc.drv], dl ; save drive number in fd
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sti
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; Relocate and jump
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mov di, sp
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mov si, 0x7C00
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mov cx, 0x0100
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rep movsw
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jmp 0:main
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; load fat table into memory
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mov ax, [fdc.rsc]
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mov cx, [fdc.sf]
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xor dx, dx
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mov bx, fattab
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call load_sectors
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; calculate length of rootdir
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mov ax, [fdc.rde]
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mov cl, 4
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shr ax, cl ; 32 bytes per entry
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mov cx, ax
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; load root dir
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xor dx, dx
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mov ax, [fdc.sf]
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mul byte [fdc.fn]
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add ax, [fdc.rsc]
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mov bx, rootdir
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call load_sectors
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; remember where we left off
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; clusters start after rootdir
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mov [cluster_offset], ax
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; Load kernel
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mov bx, prog
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mov ax, kernel_name
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call load_file
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mov bp, 0x3332
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jc error
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mov dl, [fdc.drv]
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; jump into kernel
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jmp segment:prog
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; Load a file into memory
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; IN AX pointer to 8.3 filename
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; ES:BX pointer to target area
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; OUT CF flag set if error
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; DI file size in bytes (<64K)
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load_file:
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mov si, rootdir
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mov cx, [fdc.rde]
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.search:
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push cx
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push si
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mov di, ax
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mov cx, 11
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repe cmpsb
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pop si
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pop cx
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je .read
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add si, 0x20
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loop .search
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xor di, di
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stc
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ret
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.read:
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mov ax, [si+0x1A]
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mov di, [si+0x1C]
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jmp read_clusters
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; Read the file given by cluster number
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; into the target program area
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; in ax cluster number
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read_clusters:
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; read cluster into area for target file
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push ax
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sub ax, 2
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mul BYTE [fdc.sc]
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add ax, [cluster_offset]
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xor dx, dx
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mov cx, [fdc.sc]
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xor ch, ch
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call load_sectors
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pop ax
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; calculate index in FAT
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mov si, ax
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shr si, 1
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add si, ax
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add si, fattab
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; load entry from FAT, truncate to 12 bit
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mov dx, [si]
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test ax, 1
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jz .noshift
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mov cl, 4
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shr dx, 4
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.noshift:
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mov ax, dx
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and ax, 0x0FFF
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cmp ax, 0x0FF8
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jc read_clusters
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ret
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; Read sectors from disk
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; Does not return on error
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; ax and bx will be incremented, cx decremented
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; in dx:ax sector number
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; es:bx buffer
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; cx number of sectors to read
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; out dx:ax next sector to read
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; es:bx next free buffer
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; cx zero
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load_sectors:
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; fail instantly if reading sectors > 16 bit
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test dx, dx
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mov bp, 0x3330
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jnz error
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.loop:
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push ax
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push cx
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; Set adress for sector read/write
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; Number is relative to current partition
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; IN dx:ax sector number
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seek: push ax
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push dx
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push ds
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push cs
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pop ds
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; add partition offset (required for HDD)
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add ax, [fdc.po]
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adc dx, [fdc.po+2]
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; calculate CHS data
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div word [cs:fdc.spt] ; ax:temp = (lba / spt)
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inc dx ; dx:sector = (lba % spt) + 1
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mov cl, dl ; sector number
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xor dx, dx
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div word [cs:fdc.nos] ; ax:cylinder = (tmp / heads)
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; ax:temp = (lba / spt)
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; dx:sector = (lba % spt) + 1
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div word [fdc.spt]
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inc dx
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; Sector number (bits 0-5) into CL
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; This is blindly assumed to never exeed 63
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mov byte [.cl], dl
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; ax:cylinder = (tmp / heads)
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; dx:head = (tmp % heads)
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mov ch, al ; cylinder number
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mov dh, dl ; head number
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mov dl, [cs:fdc.drv] ; driver number
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mov ax, 0x0201 ; ah=0x02 al=0x01
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xor dx, dx
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div word [fdc.nos]
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; Cylinder number bit 0-7 into CH
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mov byte [.ch], al
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; Head number into DL
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mov byte [.dh], dl
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; Bits 8-9 of cylinder number into bits 6-7 of CL
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and ah, 0x03
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ror ah, 1
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ror ah, 1
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or byte [.cl], ah
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pop ds
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pop dx
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pop ax
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ret
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.cl: db 0
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.ch: db 0
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.dl: db 0
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.dh: db 0
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; Read sector into ES:BX
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; Sector number has been previously set with seek
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read: push ax
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push cx
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push dx
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; ah = int13 subfunction 2
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; al = read 1 sector
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mov ax, 0x0201
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; load seek data into registers
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mov cx, word [cs:seek.cl]
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mov dx, word [cs:seek.dl]
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int 0x13
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mov bp, 0x3331
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jc error
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pop dx
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pop cx
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pop ax
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; count up for next sector
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add bx, 0x0200
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inc ax
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loop .loop
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ret
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error:
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mov ax, bp
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mov ah, 0x0e
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mov bx, 7
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int 0x10
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mov al, 0x21
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int 0x10
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; Get start sector of root dirrectory
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; OUT ax sector number
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dirsec: ; Multiply sectors per fat with number of fats
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mov ax, [cs:fdc.sf]
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mul byte [cs:fdc.fn]
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; Add number of reserved sectors
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add ax, [cs:fdc.rsc]
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ret
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; Get root directory length in sectors
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; OUT cx sectors
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dirlen: push ax
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mov ax, [cs:fdc.rde]
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mov cl, 4
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shr ax, cl ; 32 bytes per entry
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mov cx, ax
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pop ax
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ret
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; Get first sector of data area
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; OUT ax sector number
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clusec: push cx
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call dirsec
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call dirlen
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add ax, cx
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pop cx
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ret: ret
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; Get total number of sectors
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; OUT: dx:ax number of sectors
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secnum: xor dx, dx
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mov ax, [cs:fdc.ts]
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test ax, ax
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jnz ret
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mov ax, [cs:fdc.lrgts]
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mov dx, [cs:fdc.lrgts+2]
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ret
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; Get number of clusters
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; OUT: ax number of clusters
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; Cant overflow for FAT16 :P
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clunum: push cx
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push dx
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call clusec
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mov cx, ax
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call secnum
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sub ax, cx
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sbb dx, 0
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mov cl, byte [cs:fdc.sc]
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xor ch, ch
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div cx
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pop dx
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pop cx
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ret
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; Scan current buffer for matching file
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; IN ds = cs
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; es = cs
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; OUT bx start cluster if file found
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; trashed if no match
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; carry is set if no file was found
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scadir:
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push cx
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push si
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mov si, buf
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mov cx, 0x10
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.loop: push cx
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push si
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mov bx, [si+0x1A]
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mov di, .name
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mov cx, 11
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repe cmpsb
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pop si
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pop cx
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je .found
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add si, 0x20
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loop .loop
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stc
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.found: pop si
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pop cx
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ret
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.name: db "HELLO "
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.ext: db "COM"
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open:
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push ax
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push cx
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push dx
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push bx
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push ds
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push es
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xor ax, ax
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int 0x16
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int 0x19
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mov ds, ax
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mov es, ax
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mov [csec], ax
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call dirsec
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call dirlen
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.loop: xor dx, dx
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mov bx, buf
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call seek
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call read
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call scadir
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jnc .found
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inc ax
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loop .loop
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stc
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.found:
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mov [cclus], bx
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pop es
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pop ds
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pop bx
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pop dx
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pop cx
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pop ax
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ret
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kernel_name:
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db "BDOS BIN"
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main: mov [seek.dl], dl ; save drive number
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int 3
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call open
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int 3
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.hlt: hlt
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jmp .hlt
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; Padding and signature
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times (0x1FE - ($-$$)) db 0
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dw 0xAA55
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