validate/validate.go

package validate

import (
	"reflect"
	"strconv"
	"strings"
	"sync"
)

// Validate validates a variable
func Validate(v interface{}) []ValidationError {
	rv := reflect.ValueOf(v)

	return validate(rv)
}

// Field is always an array/slice index or struct field
type Field struct {
	Index *int
	Field *reflect.StructField
}

// Fields is a list of Field
type Fields []Field

// ToString converts a list of fields to a string using the given struct tag
func (f Fields) ToString(tag string) string {
	var field string
	for k, v := range f {
		if v.Index != nil {
			field += `[` + strconv.Itoa(*v.Index) + `]`
			continue
		}

		if k != 0 {
			field += `.`
		}

		var name string
		if tag != `` {
			name = v.Field.Tag.Get(tag)
			if idx := strings.IndexRune(name, ','); idx != -1 {
				name = name[:idx]
			}
		}

		if name == `` {
			name = v.Field.Name
		}

		field += name
	}

	return field
}

func (f Fields) String() string {
	return f.ToString(``)
}

// ValidationError contains information about a failed validation
type ValidationError struct {
	Field Fields
	Check string
	Value string
}

func (e ValidationError) String() string {
	var val string
	if e.Value != `` {
		val = `=` + e.Value
	}
	return e.Field.String() + `: ` + e.Check + val
}

func prependErrs(f Field, errs []ValidationError) []ValidationError {
	for k := range errs {
		fields := make([]Field, len(errs[k].Field)+1)

		fields[0] = f
		for k, v := range errs[k].Field {
			fields[k+1] = v
		}

		errs[k].Field = fields
	}

	return errs
}

func validate(rv reflect.Value) []ValidationError {
	for rv.Kind() == reflect.Ptr {
		if rv.IsNil() {
			return nil
		}

		rv = rv.Elem()
	}

	if rv.Kind() == reflect.Array || rv.Kind() == reflect.Slice {
		var errs []ValidationError
		for i := 0; i < rv.Len(); i++ {
			newErrs := validate(rv.Index(i))

			index := i
			errs = append(errs, prependErrs(Field{&index, nil}, newErrs)...)
		}
		return errs
	}

	if rv.Kind() != reflect.Struct {
		return nil
	}

	var errs []ValidationError
	skip := -1
	for _, rule := range getCachedRules(rv.Type()) {
		if skip == rule.index {
			continue
		}

		err, cont := rule.f(rv.Field(rule.index))
		errs = append(errs, err...)

		if !cont {
			skip = rule.index
		}
	}

	return errs
}

var cache = struct {
	sync.Mutex
	data map[reflect.Type][]rule
}{data: map[reflect.Type][]rule{}}

func getCachedRules(rt reflect.Type) []rule {
	cache.Lock()
	defer cache.Unlock()

	rules, ok := cache.data[rt]
	if !ok {
		rules = getRules(rt)

		cache.data[rt] = rules
	}

	return rules
}

type rule struct {
	index int
	f     func(reflect.Value) ([]ValidationError, bool)
}

func getRules(rt reflect.Type) []rule {
	var rules []rule

	for i := 0; i < rt.NumField(); i++ {
		ft := rt.Field(i)

		kind := ft.Type.Kind()
		var ptr bool
		if kind == reflect.Ptr {
			kind = ft.Type.Elem().Kind()
			ptr = true
		}
		kind = simplifyKind(kind)

		tags := strings.Split(ft.Tag.Get(`validate`), `,`)
		rules = append(rules, getTagFuncs(i, ft, kind, tags, ptr)...)

		// TODO: Add validator interface

		switch kind {
		case reflect.Slice, reflect.Struct, reflect.Interface:
			rules = append(rules, rule{i, nest(ft)})
		}
	}

	return rules
}

func nest(ft reflect.StructField) func(reflect.Value) ([]ValidationError, bool) {
	return func(rv reflect.Value) ([]ValidationError, bool) {
		errs := validate(rv)
		if errs != nil {
			return prependErrs(Field{nil, &ft}, errs), false
		}
		return nil, true
	}
}

func getTagFuncs(i int, ft reflect.StructField, kind reflect.Kind, tags []string, ptr bool) []rule {
	var rules []rule
	for _, v := range tags {
		if v == `` {
			continue
		}
		parts := strings.SplitN(v, `=`, 2)

		tag, value := parts[0], ``
		if len(parts) > 1 {
			value = parts[1]
		}

		kind := kind
		ptr := ptr
		if ptr && (tag == `optional` || strings.TrimPrefix(tag, `!`) == `required`) {
			kind = reflect.Ptr
			ptr = false
		}

		if tag == `optional` {
			rules = append(rules, rule{i, func(rv reflect.Value) ([]ValidationError, bool) {
				check, _ := getTagFunc(`required`, ``, kind)
				return nil, check(rv, nil)
			}})
			continue
		}

		var not bool
		if strings.HasPrefix(tag, `!`) {
			not = true
		}

		check, val := getTagFunc(strings.TrimPrefix(tag, `!`), value, kind)

		f := func(rv reflect.Value) ([]ValidationError, bool) {
			if check(rv, val) == !not {
				return nil, true
			}

			return []ValidationError{{Field: []Field{{nil, &ft}}, Check: tag, Value: value}}, false
		}

		if ptr {
			oldF := f
			f = func(rv reflect.Value) ([]ValidationError, bool) {
				if rv.IsNil() {
					return []ValidationError{{Field: []Field{{nil, &ft}}, Check: tag, Value: value}}, false
				}

				return oldF(rv.Elem())
			}
		}

		rules = append(rules, rule{i, f})
	}

	return rules
}

func getTagFunc(tag, value string, kind reflect.Kind) (ValidationFunc, interface{}) {
	tagInfo, ok := funcs[tag]
	if !ok {
		panic(`Unknown validation ` + tag)
	}
	check, ok := tagInfo.kinds[kind]
	if !ok {
		panic(`Validation ` + tag + ` does not support ` + kind.String())
	}

	var val interface{}
	if value != `` && tagInfo.inputFunc != nil {
		val = tagInfo.inputFunc(kind, value)
	}

	return check, val
}

func simplifyKind(kind reflect.Kind) reflect.Kind {
	switch kind {
	case reflect.Array:
		return reflect.Slice
	case reflect.Int8, reflect.Int16, reflect.Int32, reflect.Int64:
		return reflect.Int
	case reflect.Uint8, reflect.Uint16, reflect.Uint32, reflect.Uint64:
		return reflect.Uint
	case reflect.Float32:
		return reflect.Float64
	}
	return kind
}